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Date:3 April 2017 | Author: AdminSeveralcreationist authors have criticized the reliability ofradiometric dating by claiming that some of the decay constantsparticularly those for K are not well known . K. He has failed toconsider all of the data. In summary theattempts by creation ldquoscientistsrdquo to attack thereliability of radiometric dating by invoking changes in decayrates are meritless. This fact is readily acknowledged byCookThestraight lines which seem to make radiometric dating meaningfulare easily assumed to be the result of simple mixing
When a rock isfirst formed say from a magma the Sr Sr ratios inall of the minerals will be the same regardless ofthe rubidium or strontium contents of the minerals so all of thesamples will plot on a horizontal line abc in Figure . It does not work well on most metamorphic rocks becausethis type of rock usually has a complex history often involvingone or more heatings after initial formation. The reason thatthe various dating methods give similar ages afterldquoanalysisrdquo is that they are made to do so. The study of the Liberian diabase dikesdiscussed above is a good example of this practice. This type ofdecay is electron capture. Funkhouser and Naughton were able to determine that the excessgas resides primarily in fluid bubbles in the minerals of thexenoliths where it cannot escape upon reaching the surface. C
A great manyexperiments have been done in attempts to change radioactivedecay rates but these experiments have invariably failed toproduce any significant changes. For more information on Ar Ardating see Dalrymple . rdquoThe RbSrisochron differs from Slusherrsquos analogy in a very important way. If necessary a correction can be made for the initial lead inthese systems using Pb as an index. Arndts andOvern and Kramer and others claim that RbSr isochrons are the result of mixing ratherthan of decay of Rb over long periodsThe UPbconcordiadiscordia method is one of the most powerful andreliable dating methods available. The flowis unusual because it carries very abundant inclusions of rocksforeign to the lava. Two extensiveKAr studies on historical lava flows from around the world showed that excess argon is not a serious problem for datinglava flows. TheRbSr isochron method is most commonly used on igneousrocks which form by cooling from a liquid. The Rb and Srcontents are normalized to the amount of Sr which is not aradiogenic daughter product. The two agesfrom gulf coast localities Table are from a report byEvernden and others . When a rock isfirst formed say from a magma the Sr Sr ratios inall of the minerals will be the same regardless ofthe rubidium or strontium contents of the minerals so all of thesamples will plot on a horizontal line abc in Figure . Similar modernrocks formed in near Hualalai Hawaii were found to givepotassiumargon ages ranging from million years to billionyears. But of course this is not assumed by the geochronologistsince there would by conventional theory have to be aclustering of his points at one position on aSr Sr vs
Because this type of decay involves aparticle outside the nucleus the decay rate may be affected byvariations in the electron density near the nucleus of the atom. Excess argonproduced apparent ages ranging from million to billionyears. The KAr methodis probably the most widely used radiometric dating techniqueavailable to geologists. gt enterprises dating Commonly a radiometric age ischecked free dating za by other evidence such as the relative order of rockunits as observed in the field age measurements based on otherdecay schemes or ages on several samples from the same rockunit. Lord Kelvin andClarence King calculated the length of time required Kolkata dating places for theEarth to cool from a whitehot liquid state they eventuallysettled on million years. In summary theattempts by creation ldquoscientistsrdquo to attack thereliability of radiometric dating by invoking changes in decayrates are meritless. This type ofdecay is electron capture. An example is the meteorite Juvinas Figure . As discussedabove one feature of the RbSr isochron diagram is that to agreat extent it is selfdiagnostic. Cook has pointed out that the obtaining of the isochrons isbetter explained as a natural isotopic variation effect sincesimilar curves are obtained for plots of Fe Sr vsFe Sr which are knownnot to be time functions since these ratios have nothing to dowith radioactivity because these isotopes are not radioactive
Contrary toSlusherrsquos statement the amount ofinitial Sris not needed to solve the RbSr isochron dota 2 matchmaking wait time age equation only thecurrent Sr Srratio and the initial Sr Srratio is not adjusted for any purpose. There were many other such estimates butthey invariably resulted in an Earth only a few thousand yearsold. Everndenand others found that these clay minerals are extremely susceptible toargon loss when heated even slightly such as occurs whensedimentary rocks are deeply buried. In factthe number of ldquowrongrdquo ages amounts to only a fewpercent of the total and nearly all of these are due tounrecognized geologic factors things to know before dating a russian guy to unintentional misapplication ofthe techniques or to technical difficulties. In thecase of the initial Sr Sr ratios thesevalues can be adjusted so that any age desired is obtainable. This conclusion wasclearly stated by both Wasserburg and others and by Faure and Powell . There have been no changes observed in thedecay constants of those isotopes used for dating and thechanges induced in the decay rates of other radioactive isotopesare negligible. This is true even if the earth were really billion yearsold
In factthe number of ldquowrongrdquo ages amounts to only a fewpercent of the total and nearly all of these are due tounrecognized geologic factors to unintentional misapplication ofthe techniques or to technical difficulties. Whereas Lanphere and his colleagues referred to these two KArages of and million years the ages are actually fromanother report and were obtained from samples collected at twolocalities in Canada not Alaska. Woodmorappersquosgulf coast examples are in fact examples from a carefullydesigned experiment to test the validity of a new technique on anuntried material. By the mid to late s the decay constants andbranching ratio of K were known to within a few percent from direct laboratorycounting experiments
At any time after the episodic lead loss say billion years later the point Q in Figure will lie on a chordto concordia connecting the original age of the sample and theage of the lead loss episode. Measurements ofdecay rates under differing gravitational and magnetic fieldsalso have How long to wait before dating someone else yielded negative results. The authors of these reports good headlines for your dating profile ldquodatedrdquonumerous lava flows whose age was known from historical records. In addition a rock melt does notcontain isotopic end members that can be mechanically mixed indifferent proportions into the various minerals as they form norcould such end members be preserved if they were injected into amelt. the Sr Srratio sugar daddy dating websites be constant in all phases commonly minerals from the samerock at the time the rock formed Figure . This type ofdecay is electron capture. But of course this is not assumed by the geochronologistsince there would by conventional theory have to be aclustering of his points at one position on aSr Sr vs. p. It does not work well on most metamorphic rocks becausethis type of rock usually has a complex history often involvingone or more heatings after initial formation. On thecontrary radiometric ages are verified whenever possible andpractical and are evaluated by considering other relevantdata. The RbSr isochron method works preciselybecause the RbSr ratio expressed in the isochron diagramas Rb Sr Figure varies from mineral to mineral at formationwhereas the Sr isotopic composition Sr Sr ratio does not
These are KAr data obtained on glauconite apotassiumbearing clay mineral that forms in some marinesediment. Thus even if Slusher and Rybka were correct mdashwhich they are not mdash the measured age of the Earth wouldstill exceed billion years. Before discussing some oftheir claims it is worth discussing briefly the types ofradioactive decay and the evidence that decay is constant overthe range of conditions undergone by the rocks available toscientists. It Online dating sites for medical professionals is especially resistant toheating and metamorphic events daddy dating websites and thus is extremely useful inrocks with complex histories. those that form from arock liquid such as lava and granite and have simplepostformation histories. Lord Kelvin andClarence King calculated the length of time required for theEarth to cool from a whitehot liquid state they eventuallysettled on million years
The original data are from a reportby Wasserburg and others who plotted the data as shown but did not draw abillionyear isochron on the diagram. There are a number oflonglived radioactive isotopes used in radiometric dating anda variety of ways they are used to determine the ages of rocksminerals and organic materials. This statementwas as untrue when it was first written in ed. AlthoughCookrsquos logic may superficially seem reasonable and straightforwardit suffers from several serious fundamental flaws. Similar modernrocks formed in near Hualalai Hawaii were found to givepotassiumargon ages ranging from million years to billionyears